The deliverable 1.1 of the RESTORE project aims to provide an extended definition of the RESTORE concept. The report provides information about the Requirements and Specification of the different innovative components presented in the RESTORE solution (especially the thermochemical storage system and the thermodynamic cycles).

In addition, the report describes the interfaces of the system, considering the different sources and sinks that can be interconnected.

Deliverable 1.1 applies to the RESTORE overall concept. Thus it provides a general definition, presenting different options, which must be selected, adapted and designed for each use-case in an ad-hoc solution considering the boundary conditions imposed by each specific application. In that context, the document provides the general basis of the concept that will be considered as a guide during the project implementation.

Full content & Contact details

The full content of Deliverable 1.1 is available here.

For further information concerning this deliverable, please contact:

Francisco Cabello
Centro Nacional de Energías Renovables (Fundación CENER)
fcabello@cener.com

Figure: RESTORE overall concept

Deliverable D1.4 is the result of the work carried out in Task 1.4 “Specifications of RESTORE Numerical Models and Virtual Use-Cases for Simulation” of WP1 (RESTORE Requirements Definition, Specifications and Analysis). It describes the relevant specifications for the numerical models developed within RESTORE Project, giving emphasis to the models that are used in the six defined virtual use-cases for RESTORE. For this, D1.4 gathers specifications, such as feasible computational effort, compatibility between models, adaptability to the web-platform, modularity and flexibility.

The information provided here builds up on the general guideline of Deliverable D1.1 of the RESTORE overall concept, and focuses on its modelling, emphasizing the simulation concept of the project and the adaption of the simulation tools for the design of each Use-Case in an ad-hoc solution, considering the boundary conditions imposed by each specific application. In this context, the document provides the general basis to be considered as a guide during the project process modelling and use-cases implementation.

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The full content of Deliverable 1.4 is available here.

For further information concerning this deliverable, please contact:

Fatima Dargam
SimTech GmbH
f.dargam@simtechnology.com

Erhard Perz
SimTech GmbH
e.perz@simtechnology.com

Figure: Modelling of an rORC process in IPSE GO

The present deliverable focuses on the environmental evaluation using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology of the RESTORE prototype, which combines the Organic Rankine cycle / Heat pump and Thermochemical Energy Storage technology.

The following processes are taken into account when conducting the LCA study:

i) upstream processes: raw material supply chains (e.g., Novec 649 supply chain, copper sulphate supply chain, oil procurement and production, RESTORE prototype construction)

ii) thermal energy charging and discharging cycles; and iii) downstream processes: recycling of Novec 649, copper sulphate, and oil; wastewater treatment and purification.

Traditional Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology has been employed to thoroughly address each of the four stages of LCA:

1) defining the objective, parameters, and limits of the system

2) assessing the input-output inventory

3) evaluating the impact on the environment

4) analysing the results while offering recommendations for improved performance.

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The full content of Deliverable 1.6 is available here.

For further information concerning this deliverable, please contact:

Letitia Petrescu
Universitatea Babeș-Bolyai
letitia.petrescu@ubbcluj.ro

Stefan Galusnyak
Universitatea Babeș-Bolyai
stefan.galusnyak@ubbcluj.ro

Figure: LCA methodology framework

The deliverable 2.2 of the RESTORE project is the result of Task 2.2 – “TCES small scale (1-2 kWth) continuous reactor design and manufacturing (M5-M12)” . It describes in detail the design of a 1-2 kWth continuously operated thermochemical energy storage (TCES) reactor.

This report is related to work package 2:

• “RESTORE High Energy-density Thermo-chemical Storage for daily and seasonal Energy Storage in DHC” as well as in combination with the further task in WP2, T2.1:
• “TCES conceptual design and batch type TCES experiments (M1-M18) ” and T2.3:
• “TCES small scale continuous reactor testing and optimisation (M13-M28)

It also provides the basis for designing and manufacturing a TCES reactor in the size of 30- 50 kWth in T2.4 – “Design of the 30-50 kWth /100-150 kWh TCES reactor for coupling with the thermodynamic cycle (M18-M28)”.

Scope of reactor experiments

Since the decision for a specific reaction system takes place at a later point of time, the focus during the engineering process of the continuous reactor was on its adaptability of it, to the requirements of the different reaction systems. That’s why, the main focus of this continuously operated reactor is, to investigate the continuous reaction of the different considered thermochemical energy storage systems and to identify the challenges, which could arise. In parallel, the essential framework conditions, e. g. heat transfer to/from the reactor, based on the flow structure of the suspension has to be analysed as well. For this task, a further reactor test stand was established, which allows performing experiments at different concentrations of solids and by using different stirrer types, as well as combinations of them.

In addition, Deliverable 2.2 introduces the test procedure of the experiments conducted in a lab-scale batch reactor. These experiments were used to test different thermochemical energy storage materials (TCM) and find the best available reaction system for the first scale-up step. Within the scope of task T2.1, there will be further investigation and optimising of the potential systems, and there will be a continued search for alternative systems to present the most suitable and final TCES reaction system in the report on deliverable 2.1 (M18).

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The full content of deliverable 2.2 is confidential.

For further information concerning this deliverable, please contact:

Prof. Andreas Werner
Technische Universität Wien
Department of Thermodynamics and Thermal Engineering
andreas.werner@tuwien.ac.at

Photos of a thermochemical batch reactor by Alfred Zacharias

The present deliverable presents the features, the operating principle and some results that can be obtained as a part of Task 3.1 – “Numerical model for optimal design of HP/ORC thermodynamic cycles ”. According to task description the Numerical model can perform the constrained optimization of the system investigating non-conventional plant configurations and selecting the most appropriate working fluid(s). A numerical model has been implemented in Python 3.7 and integrated with REFPROP 10 in order to ensure a high accuracy of working fluid thermodynamic properties calculation.

The numerical model is able to maximize system performance also providing a preliminary sizing of main components and techno-economic assessment based on RTE/A_tot that has been identified as the most appropriate figure of merit for preliminary screening of fluids and cycle optimal parameters also accounting for the heat exchangers sizing. The numerical model is flexible and able to include different types of RES and technologies or WEH for providing heat (at high and medium temperature) and electricity. In addition to what was reported in the Grant Agreement the code is also able to investigate reversible, coupled and decoupled cycles and perform Pareto front analysis. Code structure and main features are all implemented, and the code will be further improved till the end of the project.

Full content & Contact details

The full content of Deliverable 3.1 is available here.

For further information concerning this deliverable, please contact:

Marco Astolfi
Politecnico di Milano
marco.astolfi@polimi.it

Dario Alfani
Politecnico di Milano
dario.alfani@polimi.it

Figure: Solving scheme for the heat pump (HP) (left) and power cycle (PC) (right)

In this deliverable, the off-design and part-load behaviour of the RESTORE system is investigated in a wide range of operating conditions such as the variation of the thermochemical storage temperatures and thermal power, stirred reactor heat transfer coefficient, and heat source and district heating water temperature and mass flow rate variations.

For each analysis the deviation of heat pump COP and power cycle efficiency from the nominal values is reported explaining the main causes affecting their departure form nominal values. The analysis is carried out considering the variation of each parameter independently of the other ones, which are kept equal to their nominal value. This method allows to clearly identify the potential effects cause by the variation of specific conditions. The functions obtained are indicative of some specific conditions that are not representative of a realistic plant operation, where usually the variation of many parameters are combined together. The impact of the simultaneous variation of boundary conditions can be obtained by sum of the different effects as usually done during acceptance test of power plants.

This method is a simplification and approximation of the real off design behaviour of the system due to non-linear interaction between parameters and shall be then considered as a first estimation for the evaluation of operability range. Specific conditions can be then precisely evaluated with dedicated runs of the developed code that can perform simulations of both the heat pump and the ORC cycle in a large envelope in any combination of exogenous parameters. Obtained results are clearly dependent on the working fluid choice and the nominal design of the system (size of the heat exchangers, temperature lift etc).

Full content & Contact details

The full content of Deliverable 3.4 is confidential.

For further information concerning this deliverable, please contact:

Marco Astolfi
Politecnico di Milano
marco.astolfi@polimi.it

Dario Alfani
Politecnico di Milano
dario.alfani@polimi.it

Figure: (top) Coupled Cycles Configuration Scheme Adopting Reversible Heat Exchangers, (bottom) T-s Diagrams For (left) Charging and (right) Discharging Cycles Using Cyclopentane in Coupled Cycle Configuration.

The deliverable D5.10 reports about the project’s EU-wide replication strategy from task T5.5 on “Replication Strategy via Stakeholders additional Cases”. The primary aim is to encourage stakeholders to create additional test-cases based on the six defined virtual use-cases for RESTORE, using the RESTORE virtual tool powered by the IPSE GO simulation web-platform.

This reports outlines the the relevant aspects of the specification of the Test-Cases Replication Strategy for RESTORE, focusing on two particular phases and the main steps to be taken in each of them. Furthermore the challenges to be faced on these two replication strategy phases are identified. Additonally, this deliverable also decscribes the planned activities related to the replication strategy for the test-cases, in cooperation with the work done in WP6 and WP7 and draws some concluding remarks about the work carried out in T5.5 so far.

Full content & Contact details

The full content of Deliverable 5.10 is available here.

For further information concerning this deliverable, please contact:

Fatima Dargam
SimTech GmbH
f.dargam@simtechnology.com

Erhard Perz
SimTech GmbH
e.perz@simtechnology.com

Figure: RESTORE Replication Strategy Dependency

To model individual components of the overall RESTORE system and to be able to use them in system simulations, the model library RESTORE_Lib has been developed in task T5.1, led by SIMTECH. The main goal of task T5.1 was twofold: (1) Modelling, fine-tuning & testing all component-models of the overall RESTORE system, based on Partners’ received information; as well as (2) Creation & Maintenance of the customized Process Model Library (RESTORE_Lib) for the project, to be used in the simulations of IPSEpro and IPSE GO . This Deliverable 5.1 includes the results and software-models derived from task T5.1, with an overview of the library content.

In addition, this deliverable also presents the economic model considered in the project, which is a highly flexible model, allowing the user to modify a high number of parameters for performing the economic simulations. The economic model considered for RESTORE, developed in collaboration with CENER, receives information from the technical simulation to show as results relevant economic variables such as the Net Present Value, the Internal Return Rate and the Levelized Cost of Storage for Electricity and Heat.

Full content & Contact details

The full content of Deliverable 5.1 is available here.

For further information concerning this deliverable, please contact:

Stefan Bergmann
SimTech GmbH
s.bergmann@simtechnology.com

Fatima Dargam
SimTech GmbH
f.dargam@simtechnology.com

Table: Available Units of the component models

The report on technology watch and market evaluation of the RESTORE project is the related to Task 6.2.1 – Technology watch. The first version of the report was published in deliverable 6.5, which will be updated in a 12-months period.

The main objectives of the report are:

• to give an overview about long term energy storage, concerning the concept of pumped thermal energy storage (PTES). Some considerations about the RESTORE concept, the architecture of the power cycle and organic working fluids are included. Furthermore the main players on the European market are listed.
• the technology watch, which can be subdivided into a patent- and a trademark-search, taking under consideration relevant literature and ongoing research activities.
• the market analysis, which consists of two major points:
  – the preparatory phase, comprising the identification of key exploitable results
  – the methodological approach to the market analysis, describing tools, a questionnaire and workshops

Full content & Contact details

The full content of Deliverable 6.5 is confidential.

For further information concerning this deliverable, please contact:

Lucia Hörner
Steinbeis Europa Zentrum
lucia.hoerner@steinbeis-europa.de

The present deliverable is the basis for an overview about the European legislation and standardization. This report analyses existing regulations and standards impacting the wide replication of innovative district heating and cooling (DHC) technologies across the European Union (EU).

The report highlights recent revisions to the EU Energy Efficiency Directive (EED) and Renewable Energy Directive (RED), both of which strengthen the role of renewable energy sources (RES) and waste heat recovery in DHC systems. Also biomass has been considered in the RED analysis as potential renewable energy sources applicable for RESTORE project.

Key takeaways include:
• Increased EU targets for energy efficiency and RES use.
• New definition of efficient DHC that considers both RES and waste heat.
• Recognition of waste heat as a renewable energy source throughout the EED.
• Binding targets for the share of renewables in heating and cooling, with a specific focus on increasing RES in DHC networks.
• Measures to accelerate the deployment of RES and waste heat for heating and cooling.

The report examines the EU Taxonomy, a classification system that defines environmentally sustainable economic activities and also includes an overview about the European legislation, the main barriers and solutions to overcome them.

Full content & Contact details

The full content of Deliverable 6.11 is available here.

Figure: New EDHC timeline

For further information concerning this deliverable, please contact:

Nazarena Spinelli
Turboden S.p.A
nazarena.spinelli@turboden.it